Theory of Quoted speech and Reported speech

QUOTED SPEECH

   Direct speech repeats or quoted the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas (".........") And there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said now or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

For example :

     Laura said, " I have to sleep "

 Archita said "I have to take a rest soon"

REPORTED SPEECH

    Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like " say ", " tell ", " ask ", and we may use the word " that " to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

For example :

  Laura said, " I have to sleep " <=> Laura said that she had to sleep.

     Archita said "I have to take a rest soon" <=> Archita said that she had to take a rest soon.